The Kandura: Traditional Yet Modern Symbol

Men's Attire in the Gulf: The Tradition and Significance of the Kandura

The Arab Gulf region, particularly the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Oman, boasts a rich cultural heritage evident in many aspects of everyday life – including dress. The traditional white garment worn by men, especially prevalent in the Emirates and other surrounding countries, is known as a kandura, sometimes also referred to as dishdasha or thobe, depending on the country. This garment has become significant not just for its practicality and comfort, but also as an expression of identity, status, and tradition.

What is a Kandura?

A kandura is a long, ankle-length, loosely fitting white garment worn by men in the Gulf countries. It's typically made of cotton or blended fabric, which helps regulate body temperature in the hot desert climate. The airy, light design allows the wearer to move comfortably while providing protection from the intense sun.

The white color is not accidental – light shades reflect sunlight, making them practical in the scorching heat. Although other colors are available, particularly in winter or on formal occasions (such as shades of gray, beige, navy, or black), the white kandura is the most common attire.

Wearing a Kandura: More Than Just Clothing, It’s a Symbol

Wearing a kandura goes beyond dressing – it’s a symbol. For Emirati, Saudi, or Omani men, it’s part of national identity that fills them with pride. The kandura conveys purity, simplicity, and elegance while staying true to its Islamic cultural roots.

Many men wear it daily, whether for work, family events, or religious celebrations. The kandura is both a casual and everyday garment, worn appropriately for the occasion, often impeccably ironed, perfumed, and most often accompanied by a ghutra (headscarf) or keffiyeh.

Regional Differences in the Appearance of the Kandura

At first glance, many kanduras may look similar, but differences appear based on the country and individual taste:

United Arab Emirates: The kandura worn here usually lacks a collar, closes with a long zipper or buttons. A distinct feature is the “agal” (black rope holding the headscarf), along with a simple, clean design. Decoration is less common here.

Oman: Omani men's kanduras are often shorter than in other countries, made with special corded decoration (kumas) that is dipped in essential oil.

Qatar and Kuwait: In these countries, the kandura typically has a longer collar and cuffs, often resembling a traditional shirt more closely.

Saudi Arabia: Known as the thobe, this attire typically features a longer collar and may even have pockets. Here, it’s common to wear a white or red-and-white checked headscarf with it.

The Kandura and Modernization

Though deeply rooted in tradition, the kandura has undergone visible modernization over recent decades. It is no longer uncommon to find kanduras in luxury brands, often made from exclusive materials like silk or premium cotton. Tailored cuts, delicate decorations, or even monogram embroidery can all serve as expressions of personal style and status.

Many modern kandura wearers now order custom versions using mobile apps, even using artificial intelligence for fitting, showing that this traditional garment can coexist with technological innovations.

Accessories That Complement the Kandura

While elegant on its own, the kandura is often complemented by other traditional elements:

Ghutra or Keffiyeh: The headscarf held in place by the “agal” black band. Different ways of wearing it include draping it over the shoulders or tightly around the head.

Bisht: A cloak worn over the kandura at formal events or celebrations. It is typically dark with gold embroidery.

Fragrances and Perfumes: Scents play an important role in dressing. Essential oil or traditional oud-based perfume is often applied to the kandura fabric.

The Kandura as a Cultural Bridge

In the United Arab Emirates and other Gulf countries, the kandura is not just attire worn by locals. Increasingly, foreigners choose it for special occasions or take it home as a souvenir. Many luxury malls, such as the Dubai Mall or Abu Dhabi's Galleria, have specialty shops offering tailored kanduras and matching accessories.

The attire serves as a kind of cultural bridge: wearing the kandura not only respects tradition but also shows openness to local values.

Conclusion

The kandura is much more than a simple garment – it’s a whole lifestyle, a means of expressing cultural heritage and identity. The traditional male attire worn in the Gulf countries, especially in the United Arab Emirates, is one of the finest examples of the intersection of modernity and tradition. While maintaining its classic design, it has adapted to contemporary needs, remaining a key part of the region’s social and cultural fabric. The kandura is not just attire – it’s a living symbol, preserving and conveying the values of the Arab world across generations.

(This article was prepared based on shared experiences and stories from readers.)